Lord of fourth in different houses of horoscope

Lord of fourth in different houses:

First:
Obedient and loyal to parents, loved by parents particularly mother, improves the position of his family, wealthy, inherits ancestral property, owns land,buildings and conveyances.

Second:
Gets gains of wealth from mother and from maternal relations, inherits ancestral property, domestic if lord happiness, good in education. A natural malefic may create troubles in family.

Third:
 Quarrels mother, loss of paternal property not good domestic life not good position for the lord of 4th, as the 3rd house being twelve to 4th is a negative house for the fourth house 

Fourth:
 Respected by parents or king, gains from ancestral property, long lived mother' owner of land, buildings and conveyances' domestic happiness, prospers most in his native land, good morals, peaceful and happy end of life, may get hidden treasure (this may happen if there is good relationship by aspect or conjunction with the lord of eleventh).

Fifth: 
Long lived, receives honors from government,high position in Government, highly educated, intelligent,famous, enjoys ancestral property.

Sixth:
 Accumulates wealth; but it may be limit on account of diseases or by enemies, unhappiness from mother, may not get ancestral property, bad character,no peace of mind.

Seventh: 
Gains from father-in-law, conjugal happiness, good education; but may get a step-mother.

Eighth: 
Unhappiness from mother who is long lived, loss of ancestral property, land, building and conveyances or may not be able to own land, building or conveyances.Not a good position for the lord of the fourth as far as the native is concerned. It also disturbs domestic happiness and peace of mind.

Ninth: 
Learned, remains in good society, religious minded, if in movable sign may have occassion for foreign travel and to acquire wealth, devoted to father and guru, pilgrimage to holy places.

Tenth: 
Owns lands and buildings, long lived mother. successful in professional career. respected, learned, does good deeds if the planet is a natural benefice like Jupiter and Venus. If Jupiter, he will be religious minded and a good and successful lawyer, judge or minister. If Venus, he will be equally successful; but will be inclined to have pleasure and comforts and association of women for pleasure's sake.

Eleventh: 
Wealthy, respected, comfortable, happy,gains from mother.

Twelfth:
 May have to live in foreign lands, domestic unhappiness, loss of ancestral property. If a natural benefice end of life may be peaceful,if a natural malefic,it may be otherwise.

Lord of third house in different houses of horoscope

Lord of third house in different houses:

First: Idiot, loose morals, servant, cruel, bad relations in family, not rich, quarrelsome.

Second: Beggar, poor, short lived; but if the lord of 2nd is a natural benefic the results are better. Then natives become fortunate and not poor. Still this is not a beneficial position for the lord of third.

Third: Friendly, religious minded, gains from government and if the lord of 3rd is a natural benefic, then will be good relations among brothers and other near relatives. If lord is natural malefic the relations among brothers etc., may not be good. Still it is a good position for the lord of the third as he will be in his own house. Every planet whether he is benefic or malefic gives good results of the house he owns if he is posited there

Fourth: Rebels against parents, greedy, notorious, squanders ancestral wealth. domestic unhappiness.

Fifth: Not intelligent, has children. is able to earn enough for his livelihood, good relations with brothers.

Sixth; Quarrelsome, bad connections with near relatives, helpful to brothers, respected.

Seventh: If the lord of 3rd is a benefic the wife will be beautiful and fortunate; but if the lord of 3rd is a malefic the wife will be of loose morals and may have illicit connections with any of his younger brothers. It is not good position for the seventh house to have the lord of 3rd posted there.

Eighth: Troubles from brothers or loss of brothers sisters, bad relations with near relatives, loss of courage, good for longevity as both the 3rd and 9th house are of longevity.

Ninth: Prosperity for younger brothers and sisters (because from ninth house the lord of 3rd aspects his own house), bad position for native. If the lord of third is a benefic the native gets help and respect from his brothers and sisters.

Tenth: It is stated in the classical texts that this is a good position for the lord of 3rd and makes the native prosperous, respected and fortunate. Our humble view which we will recommend to the students is that if the lord of 3rd is in the 10th, the native has to put in colossal efforts to make himself prosperous in life. If the structure of the horoscope is otherwise good and there are benefic influences by aspect or conjunction on the 10th house and the lord of 3rd, the native gets brilliant success in his efforts.

Eleventh: This again is considered a good position for the lord of the 3rd by our ancients; but our humble view is the same as we have given in result of the 10th house. The gains will be there; but they will not be easy gains. To get them the native will have to put in hard work. In this position there is likelihood of the native getting gains through brothers.

Twelfth: Does not like relatives or friends, Jealous, goes to foreign lands, strange habits. This gives rise to vipreet rajayoga.

Second lord in different houses of horoscope

Second Lord in different houses:

First: Stingy, trader, self made man, earns wealth by his own efforts, famous, respected.

Second: Wealthy, charitable, helpful to others, greedy, clever, earns wealth easily, gains in business, famous, good speaker, learned handsome, good eyesight.

Third: Quarrelsome, thief, in stable life, discourteous, dishonest.

Fourth: Gains from father, gains of ancestral property, truthful, long lived, owns lands and buildings, happy, hard working.

Fifth: Gains through children, good deeds, good morals, famous, miser, intelligent.

Sixth: Accumulates wealth but also loses it on account of acts of his enemies, by theft or by being deceived by others, earns by doing service, poor eyesight, not a good position for the lord of 2nd.

Seventh: Husband of a wife fond of pleasure, wife helps in accumulation of wealth, gains after marriage, fond of women other than his own wife, may commit suicide.

Eighth: Deceitful, sudden gains of wealth by inheritance or otherwise, lazy, fatalist, wealthy.

Ninth: Charitable, famous, religious minded,learned, respected, wealthy.

Tenth: Respected by government, gains from governmental sources like government service or contracts, fortunate, wealthy, good morals.

Eleventh: Famous businessman, very wealthy, famous, conquest over enemies, fortunate. This is an excellent position for the lord of 2nd. This position brings easy gains to the native.

Twelfth: Poor, indebted, goes to foreign lands for his livelihood earns by undesirable means.

Aries Rising sign

Aries Rising sign:

For example, let us examine the 12 houses and their filtering signs for the Aries ascendant. First of all, Aries rising people have Aries in the 1st house. The 1st house governs the body and the over-all nature in life, and how one begins things because the first house also rules "beginnings".

Since Aries is a sign that represents passion in its jittery-most form, Aries rising people begin things quickly and with a bang. In other words, they are better sprinters than long distance runners. Because Taurus rules their second house they are fond of having money because the 2nd house is the house of wealth and Taurus is the sign of pleasure. So they like to have enough money to spend on pleasures.

Because Gemini, an intellectual, Mercurial sign rules their 3rd house, the house of courage and communication, they are good communicators and would rather think or communicate their way out of a confrontation than face it physically. Also they are very fond of learning because the 3rd house rules degrees and writing and Gemini is a natural sign for this house. These two go well together to make Aries rising people fond of books and learning.

The 4th house rules mother, home, real estate and Aries rising people have Cancer in the 4th house. Therefore, they are fond of living near water since Cancer is a watery sign. They may change residence often because Cancer is a movable sign which is also very responsive to other impulses. Since Cancer rules emotions they have a soft spot for mother, and home.

Aries rising people have Leo in the 5th house. The 5th house rules creativity and romance. Leo is the sign or filter of independence, freedom, dominance. Therefore, Aries rising people are independently creative and aggressive and dominant in their romance or affections. They are not shy in approaching others in romance- in fact, they feel fearless, like a Lion, since such a filter is ruling that house.

Aries rising people have the Virgo filter upon their 6th house which rules enemies, debts and diseases. As a filter, Virgo is a sign ruled by Mercury whose symbol is the virgin or young girl holding grains seated in a boat. Because the over all nature of the Aries person will be passion and fire, they have a natural distaste for that sign ruling their 6th house or Virgo. 

Virgo is an intellectual, rather nit-picky sign (according to an Aries person). The pragmatic, detailed-oriented nature of a Virgo person aggravates the passionate, quick action oriented nature of the Aries, this is why we find Virgo in the 6th house of "enemies" for an Aries ascendant.

Libra rules the 7th house for an Aries ascendant. This Venus ruled sign rules the market place and the scales of commerce. It is the sign of exaltation for Saturn which means that it is a sign very dear to the working class. Libra rules the market place. The best way to understand it is a beautiful shop full of nice things, ladies, where the workers are happy and working hard. Therefore, Aries rising people with their passionate nature tend to bond and partner up with those who are fond of beautiful things and business, trade and bustling activity. People with Libra moons are very expert at most things in regards to making nice arrangements while we are in this material world and Aries rising people find this to be an attractive and workable

relationship, hence, Libra rules their 7th house.

The 8th house for an Aries ascendant is ruled by Scorpio which is ruled by Mars, the lord of the 1st house. Aries rising people have the Scorpio filter applied to their 8th house which means that 8th house affairs are run through the filter of this most difficult sign of all. The 8th house is difficult, this sign is difficult, so Aries rising people can at times of their lives know the worst. But because the same Lord rules the 8th as well as their first, the 8th house troubles are somewhat familiar to them by nature- in other words, they have the grizzle to take what life dishes out. We would expect this from a Martian rising sign since Mars is,

after all, an aggressive planet ruling a rather intense lineup of difficult matters such as cutting, killing, police, military, the red color, precision, etc.

The 9th sign of Aries holds the sign of Sagittarius which governs religious ashrams, military fields and other place where there is a lot of virtue and regulation applied for the sake of achieving high ideals. The symbol for Sagittarius being the arrow pointed up in the air, symbolizing the desire to attain high ideals. So when discussing the 9th house affairs for an Aries rising person, we can assume that they have a natural affinity for organized religion such as movements, ashrams and churches, and that they are goal

oriented in the areas of the 9th house- religion, father, faith, God's grace, fortune, etc.

The 10th house runs through the filter of Capricorn for them. Thus, the house of career is ruled by the sign of hard work, so Aries rising people can be very hard workers in their careers. When motivated, you can count on an Aries rising person to have a natural affinity for hard work. Because Capricorn as a sign likes being appreciated and recognized, and is not at all humble, Aries rising people liked to be recognized for their work. Wherever Capricorn is for someone's rising sign, that's a good place to pay compliments to the person.

The 11th house contains Aquarius which is a Saturn ruled air sign telling us that Aries rising people have ideals and desires governed either by darkness or ancient solid truths, depending on the disposition of Saturn in their chart. This sign of Aquarius can be very high and spiritual, or very low and mundane.

Lastly the 12th house for the Aries rising person is colored by the sign of Pisces. Pisces is a watery sign representing either liberation or the return to this world. Because the 12th house rules such things such as loss of all types, then there is a dissolving nature placed upon this house of loss for Aries rising people, so depending on the placement of the Lord of Pisces or Jupiter, either their losses dissolve away, or dissolve the person.

In this way by examining the effects of the signs or filter upon the houses we can understand the nature of people born under each of the 12 different rising signs. Advanced and experienced astrologers speak about each rising sign with great ease and accuracy. Overall, the sign that is rising in the first house has the greatest effect of all upon the person. The other sign that is most important in understanding a person is the sign which holds their Moon. In actual practice we find that both of these points are very sensitive and important- that is, the rising sign and the Moon sign.

Many classics recommend that a chart be judged from it's ascendant or rising sign in totality. Then, they say, it should be again judged using the Moon sign as the rising sign. When the Moon sign is used as the rising sign, that chart is called the moon lagna Chart. It means you simply take the Rashi chart, or the main chart, and rotate it so that whatever sign the Moon is in becomes the first house. So judging the Moon sign as the first house, we look at all the houses and planets. Rasi means signs and the rasi chart means the chart of our signs. The Chandra Lagna or Moon chart is simply the Rashi chart rotated so that the sign the Moon is in becomes the first house.

In other words, our Moon sign is a lot like our ascendant. It is a very important, central and pivotal sign. To understand a person you need to examine both their rising sign as well as their Moon sign - and all other things- the houses, the lordship placements, everything, from both of these ascendants. Both play a big part in determining the life and mentality of the person.

The rising sign in the rashi chart determines most about what will actually happen to the person in their life, whereas the Moon sign and the chart judged from the Moon sign determines more about the person's internal mental makeup. Since the Moon rules the mind, the sign the Moon is in says a lot about the overall nature of our mind and just as the 4th house from the ascendant rules happiness, the 4th house from the Moon sign rules mental happiness.

Since the rising sign, and the houses counted from it, rule our actual body and life, and since the Moon sign and houses counted from it have more to do with our mental world, therefore, anyone who has the Moon in any house other than the first house will naturally have a mental world that does not exactly match their actual world. This is true for most people since only about 1 in 12 people has Moon in the first house.

So most of us in the material world naturally have a mental world, or in other words, a world of perception and desire, which does not exactly match our actual life. Whereas people who have the Moon in the first house are often found to be very realistic in matching their mental world with their physical life.

So when talking to someone about their chart, you predict from the rising sign and the houses counted from it, which is their natural rashi chart, and you talk about their mental or emotional world based on their Moon sign and the houses judged from it. So the persons who have Moon in the first house in one sense are more congruent overall than all other persons. Of course, this is subject to great modification based on other things, but this principle needs to be understood.

In review, we have examined in this chapter how the rising sign determines where the rest of the 12 signs fall within a chart. One sign occupies one house, therefore 12 signs occupy the 12 houses. The signs are always in the same order around the zodiac.

By understanding the areas of life governed by each house and filtering those through the nature of the signs, we can understand the basic foundation nature of a particular rising sign. This is the foundation of any chart. Lastly, the chart judged from the ascendant rules more the external karma, whereas the chart judged from the Moon rules more the mental inner world of the

person.

Astrology Houses and Signs characteristics

House and Signs of astrology

Each person is a product of the universe at the time of their birth. There are two dials and nine hands on the universal clock. The two dials each have twelve compartments. One dial is the 12 houses, the other dial is the 12 signs. The 9 hands on this clock are the 9 planets. The houses rule actual things in our life.

In the classic scriptures, the houses have single word names, for example, the first house is Thanu Bhava which means the house of the body. The 2nd is Dhana Bhava, the house of wealth. In this way every house has its single word name that describes the main thing that it rules over. An astrologer gradually gains realization into what the houses govern, and as this realization becomes deeper and deeper through actual practice in real life, one's perception and appreciation of an individual house becomes very broad and, therefore, based on the planets effecting that house, one can render many detailed and accurate

predictions and revelations.

The houses are always situated in space in relationship to the earth in the same way. The first house is always on the eastern horizon and the 7th house is always in the western horizon and so on. So the dial of the houses is fixed in space. The houses are sections of space surrounding us at all times and they are always the same.

The dial of signs of the zodiac however, appears to be moving in relation to us, but this is because our planet is spinning. The zodiac is stationery and the earth is spinning. So the zodiac signs appear to move- one sign every two hours across the eastern horizon up into the sky. The sign that is crossing the eastern horizon is known as the ascending sign, the ascendent, the lagna, or the rising sign.

The signs of the zodiac are always in the same order because they represent sections of the stars of space that never change. At any given time of the day, one of the twelve signs will be on the eastern horizon and since they are in the same order, then we can easily recite their names in order and know which sign is filling which house.

For example, when Aries is rising, since Taurus is always the next sign, we know that Taurus is in the second house when ever Aries is rising or in other words, when Aries is in the first house. Similarly, since Sagittarius is always 9 signs from Aries, we know that Sagittarius is in the 9th house whenever Aries is in the 1st house. If Capricorn is rising, or in other words, tenanting the 1st house, then we know that Taurus will be in the 5th house since Taurus is always five signs from Capricorn, always and forever.

So there are two dials in space, the houses and the signs. The houses rule actual things in the life like the body, the wealth and the religion, the mother, the career, etc. of the person. The signs are like "colored glasses". If you are wearing the red colored signs in your 9th house of religion, then when it comes to religion, you are red colored, or in other words, rather passionate and fiery.

If you are wearing a rainbow colored sign in the house of the spouse or the 7th house, then you will have a natural tendency to seek spouses or partners who are beautiful or who move in beautiful ways.

In this way, the signs represents natures or modes of existence, or flavors, and depending on the houses they are in at the time of the birth, they color the aspects of the life governed by the houses. So one of the early duties of a student of astrology is to learn the areas of life governed by the houses, and then learn the ways in which the twelve signs do their coloring and then begin to combine these two. Never mind the planets at first.

So the first thing to find out about a person when looking at their chart is what is the sign that was rising on the eastern horizon at the time of their birth. In other words, find out their rising sign. Their rising sign will determine where all the signs fall in their twelve houses and right away just based on this, you can say quite a bit about them.

Of course there are only 12 signs, and everyone must have only one of them as their rising sign. So basically there are only twelve types of people when it comes to rising signs because, again, in case it is not already clear, if some one has Cancer rising, then they have Leo in the 2nd house, and so on around. The person who lives next door to them who also has Cancer rising will also have Leo in the 2nd house. These two people may be very different so obviously you cannot make huge sweeping judgments based just on the rising sign and the sign placements in the persons 12 houses. But even though that is true, you can

say many things that are true about these two people, just based on a their rising sign.

Also, we don't care so much about the rising sign to make predictions as much as we do about the fact that it sets up the base of this person's being upon which the artwork of the planets is drawn. For example, for Cancer rising people, since Cancer is the only sign ruled by the moon, and Cancer is a watery sign and the moon is a very sensitive planet, we, therefore come to realize that Cancer is the sign that rules emotions- and scripture confirms this. Cancer is an emotional sign because being watery, it is fluid and easily changes and moves and adjusts itself to fit its surroundings. Ruled by the sensitive Moon gives it a sensitive nature.

The Moon reflects the light of the Sun, therefore, people with Cancer rising are like the Moon. They like to reflect the light of some greater Sun whom they hold very intimate to themselves. Why is that? Because the Sun rules the 2nd house for a Cancer ascendant and the 2nd house rules those people who we hold very near and dear- like our family and other intimate persons. So Cancer people like to have some intimate near and dear person who is like a light for them. And they, being like the Moon, want to reflect that light. This is true in general for all Cancer ascendants, and this kind of generalization is possible, permissible,

and works well, once you learn the things that are true for each of the 12 ascendants.

For all Cancer ascendants, Mars rules the two signs (Scorpio and Aries) which occupy the 5th and 10th houses. Thus, Mars rules 2 important houses for the Cancer ascendant. The 5th house governs how we deal with creativity, romance, and all types of projection that we put forth into the environment- all the creativity that we engage in in order to please other people. That is why the 5th house deals with romance because romance is what we do to attract others.

Therefore, the 5th house would also deal with trying to please a boss doing creative things to please a boss at a job. So all types of creative projection in order to satisfy the desires and wishes of other prominent people in our lives is the domain of the fifth house. The 5th also rules children because children are a creation of us in partnership with another person. The 10th house deals with status, position, our rise in life, our career, etc. The 10th house is that section of space straight over head and, therefore, at high noon when the Sun is straight over head, every one is at the peak of their daily actions, performing their daily work and their career.

Mars rules these two all important houses for a Cancer ascendant. So although Cancer ascendant people may be emotional, watery, and changeable, they are also extremely aggressive in action, because in regards to their creativity and rise in life, they apply Martian qualities because the two Mars ruled signs are the filters they feel on their houses of creativity and career- so they can be aggressive artists. They can be aggressive people in general.

In this way we can judge the way each rising sign personality type will behave in regards to the 12 main areas of life governed by the signs in their houses. So once again, in a succinct formula form, this principle works as follows:

Take any rising sign and take any one of their 12 houses, look at the sign that governs that house for that rising sign and know that the person with that rising sign will perform the activities governed by that house in the way that the sign filter dictates.In this way, if you study each of the 12 house and sign combinations for one rising sign, you will understand the overall nature of the people who have that rising sign.

Ascendant lord in different houses of horoscope

Ascendant lord in different houses:

If the Ascendant lord is in first house the native will be healthy, long-lived, powerful, hard working, wealthy and have a happy childhood and will have a good start in life.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in second house the native will be Wealthy, respected, long-lived, will do good deeds, leader and graceful.Good brothers and sisters and friendly appearance 

If the Ascendant lord is in third house charitable, religious minded, respected in society 

If the Ascendant lord is in fourth house respected by government, long-lived, obedient to parents, gets ancestral property, hard working and bold.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in fifth house the native will have Good children, has spirit of sacrifice, reputed, famous, wealthy, humble, learned, long lived and devoted.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in sixth house the native will be Powerful, miser, poor health, poor start in life, has enemies.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in seventh house the native will be Well-behaved, husband chaste and beautiful wife, fortunate, long-lived,
 
If the Ascendant lord is in eighth house the native will beget disease in secret organs, immoral if the planet is a malefic Bad health, miser, short lived, gets diseases 

If the Ascendant lord is in ninth house the native will be Charitable, courageous, famous, proud, well behaved, good morals, religious minded, famous and wealthy.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in tenth house the native will be Learned, Good morals, gains from Government and good profession, respected, wealthy and good longevity.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in eleventh house the native will be Healthy, good gains from profession, happy, famous, respected, powerful, hard working.
 
If the Ascendant lord is in twelfth house the native will be Cruel, deceitful, goes away from native place, sickly, poor start in life. 

Saturn in Different houses of Zodaic

Saturn in different houses:

Saturn occupies Ascendant(or) 1st house identical with exaltation, or own House, the native will equal a king in status, or will head a country, or city. If Saturn is in the Ascendant in other sign, then his own, or exaltation sign, the planet will give misery in boyhood, dirty disposition and indolence.

 If Saturn occupies the 2^nd  , the native will have an ugly face, will enjoy worldly prosperity, be devoid of his own men, will render justice, will later on (in the course of his life) go to other countries and will earn money and conveyances.

 If Saturn occupies the 3^rd, the native will be dark in complexion, will maintain physical cleanliness, be base, will have indolent attendants, be courageous, charitable and will have great intelligence.

SATURN occupies the 4^th, the native will suffer heart disease, or be broken-hearted, be devoid of relatives, conveyances, wealth, intelligence and happiness, will suffer sickness in boyhood and will have (prominent) nails and hair.

SATURN occupies the 5^th  the native will be bereft of happiness, sons, friends, intelligence and kindness, be agitated and be poor.

 If Saturn occupies the 6^th, the native will be very licentious, be beautiful, courageous, will eat abundantly, be crooked and will conquer many of his enemies.

 If Saturn is posited in the 7^th, the native will always be subjected to ill health, will lose his wife, be bereft of wealth, will present himself ugly, be sinful and will do very mean acts.

If Saturn occupies the 8^th, the native will suffer from leprosy and fistula in the anus, or pudendum, will have short life and will fail in his undertakings.

If Saturn occupies the 9^th, the native will be devoid of religious merits, will not have much wealth, be bereft of co-born, sons and happiness and will cause sorrow to others.

If Saturn occupies the 10^th, the native will be wealthy, learned, valorous and be a minister, or a justice, or be the leader of a group, city, or village.

If Saturn occupies the 11^th, the native will be long-lived, endowed with lasting riches, be courageous, will have knowledge of arts, be devoid of sickness and be endowed with money, people and wealth.

If Saturn occupies the 12^th, the native will be distressed, fallen in moral sense, talkative, will have defective eyesight, be unkind, shameless, will spend much and be insulted.  

Venus in different houses of zodaic

Venus in different houses:

If Venus is in Ascendant, the native will possess beautiful eyes, face and physique, be happy, long-lived, timid and attractive to females.

If Venus is in the 2^nd, the native will enjoy abundant food, drinks and wealth, will derive excellent pleasures, be endowed with good speech and will amass great wealth.

If Venus occupies the 3^rd, the native will be happy, rich, conquered by women, be vile, little enthusiastic and will be bereft of luck and paraphernalia.

If Venus occupies the 4^th, the native will be endowed with relatives, friends and happiness, be splendorous, will have conveyances and paraphernalia, be beautiful, rich and fortunate.

If Venus is posited in the 5^th, the native will be endowed with happiness, sons and friends, be fond of sexual union, be very affluent, full of everything and be a minister, or a justice.

If Venus occupies the 6^th, the native will greatly dislike his wife, will have many foes, be devoid of wealth, be very much startled and be mean.

If Venus occupies the 7^th, the native will be very beautiful, be happy with his wife, will enjoy great riches, be devoid of quarrels and be fortunate.

If Venus is in the 8^th, the native will be long-lived, will enjoy incomparable happiness, be very rich, be equal to a king and moment after moment will feel delighted.

If Venus occupies the 9^th, the native will possess a spotless and broad physique, be endowed with wealth, charitable, wife, sexual pleasures and friendship and will honor Gods, guests and preceptors/elders.

If Venus occupy the 10^th, the native will earn success in litigation and will be endowed with happiness, sexual unions, honor, wealth, fame and great wisdom.

If Venus is positioned in 11^th, the native will have obedient servants, be bereft of all kinds of misery and will gain abundantly.

If Venus be in 12^th, the native will be indolent, happy, corpulent, fallen in moral sense, will eat cleansed food, will be skillful in providing sleeping comforts and attendants and will be won over by women.  

Jupiter in different houses of Zodaic

Jupiter in different houses:

If Jupiter occupies the 1^st, the native will be attractive in appearance, energetic, long-lived, will act after assessing consequences, be learned, courageous and great.

If Jupiter occupies the 2^nd, the native will be rich, will enjoy good food, be an eloquent speaker, be fortunate, be charitable and will have a beautiful body and face.

If Jupiter occupies the 3^rd, the native will be greatly humiliated, be vile, ever successful, will have digestive deficiencies, be defeated by women and be sinful in acts.

If Jupiter occupies the 4^th, the native will be endowed with relatives, paraphernalia, conveyance, happiness, intelligence, pleasures and wealth, be great and be a source of misery to his enemies.

If Jupiter occupies the 5^th, the native will have abundant happiness, many sons and friends, be learned, courageous, wealthy and will always be happy.

If Jupiter occupies the 6^th, the native will lack digestive fire and masculine virile, be humiliated, weak, indolent, will become famous on account of females, will destroy his enemies and be widely famous.

If Jupiter occupies the 7^th, the native will be charming, will acquire a beautiful wife, be greater than his father, be an eloquent speaker, a poet, a superior person and be learned and famous.

If Jupiter occupies the 8^th, the native will be insulted, long-lived, be a servant, will serve his own people, be pitiable and will have union with dirty women.

If Jupiter occupies the 9^th, the native will be attached to divine and paternal duties, be learned, fortunate, be a king's minister, or a leader and be chief.

If Jupiter occupies the 10^th, the native will attain successful beginning in his undertaking, be honorable, forceful and will be endowed with abundant welfare, happiness, wealth, relatives, conveyances and fame.

 If Jupiter occupies the 11^th, the native will enjoy many gains, many conveyances and many servants, be virtuous, but will have limited education and few sons.

 If Jupiter occupies the 12^th, the native will be indolent, odious, be devoid of speech and luck and will be in all probability in servitude  

Mercury in different houses of zodaic

Mercury in different houses:

If Mercury occupy the Ascendant(or)first house, the native will have a flawless physique, be intelligent, will know proper (beneficial) place and time, be well-versed in poetry and mathematics, be a skillful and sweet speaker and be long-lived.

If Mercury is in the second house, the native will earn wealth through his own wisdom, will enjoy food and drinks, be auspicious in speech and will have good course of conduct.

If Mercury occupies the third house, the native will always toil hard, be devoid of near and dear, skillful, endowed with co-born, very cunning and fickle-minded.

 If Mercury is in fourth house, the native will be endowed with money and relatives, be fortunate, will have conveyances, all paraphernalia and relatives and be very learned.

If Mercury occupies the fifth house, the native will be an expert in Mantras (sacred spells) and Abhicāra (malevolent spells), will have many sons, be endowed with learning, happiness and efficacy and be delighted.

 If Mercury occupies the sixth house, the native will always be successful in litigation and disputes, will contract diseases, be indolent, not given to anger, be harsh in speech and much insulted.

 If Mercury is in seventh house, the native's wife will be very learned, beautiful in appearance, will not be of good descent, will promote quarrels and be very affluent. The native himself will be very great.

 If Mercury occupies the eighth house, the native will win famous names (titles), be strong, long-lived, will support his family and be equal to a king, or will become a justice.

If Mercury occupies the ninth house, the native will be very affluent, scholarly, of good conduct/habits, be eloquent in speech, skillful of a great order and be virtuous.

If Mercury occupies the tenth house, the native will possess distinguished intelligence, will perform distinguished acts, will attain fruition in undertakings, be very learned, courageous, strong and will be endowed with various kinds of ornaments.

If Mercury occupies the eleventh house, the native will be rich, be an amicable worker, be learned, happy and endowed with wide enjoyments, be long-lived and famous.

Should Mercury be in the twelfth house, the native will be able to keep up his promise, be indolent, be humiliated, be a good speaker, be learned, pitiable and cruel.  

Mars in different houses of zodaic

Mars in different houses

If Mars occupies the Ascendant(or)first house, the native will be cruel, adventurous, dull-witted, short-lived, honorable, courageous, will have an injured physique, be attractive in appearance and fickle-minded.

If Mars occupies the second house, the native will be poor, will eat bad food, will possess an ugly face, will join bad men and be bereft of learning.

If Mars be in third house, the native will be courageous, unconquerable, bereft of co-born, be delighted, will have all virtues and be famous.

 If Mars is posited in fourth house, the native will be devoid of relatives, paraphernalia and conveyances, be very miserable, will live in others' houses and be distressed.

If Mars occupies the fifth house, the native will be devoid of happiness, wealth and sons, be fickle-minded, be a talebearer, will incur evils, be wicked, distressed and mean.

If Mars occupies the sixth house, the native will be highly libidinous, will have powerful digestive fire, be beautiful, tall, strong and great among his relatives.

If Mars is posited in seventh house, the native will lose his wife, will suffer from diseases, will take to bad ways, be miserable, sinful, devoid of wealth, distressed and emaciated.

If Mars occupies the eighth house, the native will suffer from diseases, be short-lived, will possess an ugly, or deformed body, will do base acts and will suffer grief.

If Mars occupies the ninth house, the native will not be skillful in acts, be odious, will kill living beings, be not virtuous, be very sinful and honored by the king.

If Mars occupies the tenth house, the native will be proficient in his acts, be valorous, unconquerable, will serve important people, be endowed with sons and happiness and be very courageous.

If Mars occupies the eleventh house, the native will be virtuous, happy, courageous, endowed with wealth, grains and sons and be devoid of sorrow.

Should Mars be in twelfth house, the native will have diseased eyes, will fall in moral sense, will kill his wife, be a talebearer, be fierce and will contract humility and imprisonment  

Moon in different houses of zodaic

Moon in different houses:

Moon in Ascendant(or) 1st house : If first house is Cancer, Taurus, or Aries indicates, that the native will be liberal, beautiful, rich and enjoying pleasures greatly. The Moon in the Ascendant identical with other Signs indicates, that the native will be intensely passionate, base, deaf, distressed, dumb and will decline (in prosperity).

Moon in 2nd house: The native will enjoy incomparable happiness and friends and be wealthy. If the said Moon be Full, the native will be very affluent and will speak less.

 Moon  in 3rd house: The native will protect his co-born, be always delighted, valorous and will be endowed with learning, robes and food.

Moon in 4th house: The native will be endowed with relatives, paraphernalia and conveyances, be charitable, fond of travelling by water and will neither be very happy nor be miserable.

Moon in 5th house: The native will be timid in disposition, will earn learning, clothes and food, will have many sons and friends, be a scholar and be passionate.

Moon in 6th house: The native will suffer stomach diseases. If it be the weak Moon, he will be short-lived.

Moon  in 7th house: The native will be amiable, happy, will possess a good physique and be sensuously disposed. If the weak Moon is in 7^th, the native will be pitiable and weak.

Moon in 8th house: The native will be very intelligent, very splendorous and will suffer from diseases. If the Moon be weak, he will be short-lived.

Moon in 9th house: The native will be devoted to divine and paternal assignments, will be endowed with happiness, wealth, intelligence and sons and will attract the fair sex.

Moon in 10th house: The native will not suffer grief, be dutiful, successful in his undertakings, affluent, pure, very strong, valorous and charitable.

Moon in 11th house: The native will be wealthy, will have many sons, be long-lived, will have attendants to serve, be intelligent, sharp, valorous and splendorous.

Moon in 12th house: The native will be odious, fallen in moral sense, mean, will suffer eye diseases, be indolent, distressed (deformed), is born of other's loins and will be insulted at all times.  

Sun in different houses of zodaic

SUN in different houses

SUN IN 1st house : Sun in the Ascendant denotes, that the native will have less hair (on the head), be lazy in function, given to anger, will have prominent personality, be honorable, will have weak sight and coarse physique, be courageous, impatient and unkind. If the Ascendant is Cancer and is occupied by the Sun, the native will have swollen eyes, if it be Aries with Sun therein, his sight will be weak and in Leo the Sun makes him night-blind. One suffers poverty and loss of children, if the Sun occupies Libra.

SUN IN 2nd house: If the Sun is in the 2^nd house, the native will be endowed with servants and quadrupeds, will suffer facial diseases, will be deprived of happiness and wealth and will lose money through royal displeasure, or through thieves.

SUN IN 3rd house: The native will be valorous, strong, will lose co-born, be dear to people, good-looking, very learned and will conquer his enemies.

SUN IN 4th house : The native will be devoid of conveyances and relatives, will suffer heart diseases, will destroy paternal house and wealth and will serve a bad king.

SUN IN 5th house: The native will be bereft of happiness, sons and wealth, will live by husbandry, will move in hills and fortresses, be fickle-minded, scholarly, devoid of strength and be short-lived.

SUN IN 6th house: The native will be very libidinous, will have powerful digestive fire (capable of digesting fast), be strong, affluent, famous for virtues and be either a king, or an Army chief.

SUN IN 7th house: The native will be poor, insulted, will suffer bodily diseases, royal displeasure and imprisonment, will take to bad ways and will not be well-disposed to his wife.

SUN IN 8th house: The native will have deformed eyes, be devoid of wealth and happiness, be short-lived and will suffer separation from his relatives.

SUN IN 9th house: The native will be endowed with wealth, children and friends, will be very interested in worshiping Gods and Brahmans, will not be well-disposed towards his father and wife and be not calm.

SUN IN 10th house: The native will be extremely intelligent, rich, strong and will be endowed with conveyances, relatives and sons, will succeed in his undertakings, be valorous, unconquerable and great.

SUN IN 11th house: one will be interested in gathering money, be strong, will hate others, be devoid of servants, be himself a servant, be devoid of affection, be modest and will be successful in undertakings.

SUN IN 12th house: he will have a deformed physique, be one-eyed, fallen (morally), will marry a barren lady, be inimical to his father, weak and mean.  

SATURN (OR) SHANI IN DIFFERENT SIGNS

SATURN IN DIFFERENT SIGNS OF ZODIAC

SATURN IN ARIES: If Saturn occupies Aries at the time of one's birth one will be miserable due to his vices and hard labor, be deceitful will hate his relatives, be blameworthy, garrulous, reprobated, poor, bad in appearance, ill-tempered, inimical to his people, will do base acts, be jealous and sinful.

SATURN IN TAURUS: At the time of one's birth, he will be bereft of wealth, be a servant, will speak undesirable words, be untruthful, will win the hearts of old women, will have bad friends, will be addicted to women, will serve other women, be not outspoken, will have strong sight, be related to numerous assignments and be a fool.

SATURN IN GEMINI: one will contract debts and imprisonments, will toil, will have vanity in disposition will consecrate by hymns and prayers, be bereft of virtues, be always in hide-out, be libidinous, cunning, wicked and fond of wandering and of sports.

SATURN IN CANCER: If Saturn is in Cancer, one will possess a beloved wife, be devoid of wealth in boyhood, will suffer many diseases, be learned, motherless, soft-spoken, distinguished in acts, will always contract diseases, will trouble others, be inimical to relatives, crooked, be kingly in his mid-life and will enjoy growing pleasures.

SATURN IN LEO: If Saturn occupies Leo, one will be interested in writing and reading, be skillful, be disdained, devoid of virtues and wife, will live by servitude, be devoid of his own men and happiness, be interested in doing base acts, ill-tempered, be mad with (undue) desires, will carry loads, will toil hard and will have a wrinkled body.

SATURN IN VIRGO: If Saturn occupies Virgo at birth the subject will resemble a eunuch, be very crafty, will depend on others for food, be addicted to prostitutes, will have a few friends, be unacquainted with arts, be desirous of indulging in ugly acts, will possess sons and wealth, be indolent, helpful to others, will intent upon spoiling virgins and be cautious in his actions.

SATURN IN LIBRA: At birth indicates, that the subject will be rich, soft-spoken, will earn money and honors from foreign countries, be a king, or a scholar, will have his wealth protected by his relatives, be senior in the circle, will attain a high status owing to his gracious speech in an assemblage, be good and will join corrupt female dancers and prostitutes.

SATURN IN SCORPIO: If Saturn occupies Scorpio at birth, the native will be hostile, be crooked, affected by poison and weapons, very ill-tempered, miserly, egoistic, rich, capable of stealing others' money, averse to instruments played on festive occasions, malicious, very miserable and will face destruction, misery and diseases.

SATURN IN SAGITTARIUS: If Saturn occupies Sagittarius, one will be skillful in behavior, teaching, Vedic meanings, learning and denotation, (i.e. he will be best placed in these respects), be famous due to virtuous children, family profession and his own virtues, will enjoy excellent affluence in his old age, will speak less, will have many names and be soft in disposition.

SATURN  IN CAPRICORN: The native will lord over the lands of others' females, will be endowed with Vedic knowledge, virtues and knowledge of many branches of fine arts, be excellent among his caste-men, be honorable, will respect others, be famous, be interested in bathing and decoration, will be skillful in performance, will live in foreign places, be courageous and be polite in behavior.

SATURN IN AQUARIUS: The native will be a great liar, be eminent, be addicted to women and wine, be wicked, crafty, will fall prey to evil friendship, be very ill-tempered, be averse to knowledge, conversation and traditional law, be addicted to other women, be harsh in speech and will attempt at many undertakings.

SATURN IN PISCES: If Saturn occupies Pisces at birth, one will be fond of Sacrifices and arts, be chief among his relatives and friends, be calm, will have increasing wealth, be skillful in policy-making, be capable of diamond testing, be virtuous, modest and will later on acquire an authoritative position.  

Jupiter (or) Guru in different signs

Jupiter(or) Guru in different zodiac signs:

Jupiter in Aries: If Jupiter is posited in Aries at birth, one will be argumentative in disposition, will acquire precious stones and ornaments out of his efforts, will be endowed with strength, sons and wealth, will have eminent and famous profession, be splendorous, will have many enemies, much expenses and an injured body and will confer fierce and cruel punishments.

Jupiter in Taurus: one will be endowed with a broad body, be corpulent, will honor Brahmins and Gods, be splendorous, fortunate, attached to his wife, be endowed with good appearance, profession, cows and abundant wealth; will possess good articles and ornaments, be distinguished in speech, intelligence and skill; will have political / judicial wisdom, be modest, be endowed with medical accomplishments and be skillful in experiments.

Jupiter in Gemini: the native will be affluent, scholarly, proficient, will possess attractive eyes, be eloquent, courteous, skillful, virtuous, will honor elders and relatives, will be able to utter “bejeweled” words (be literally rich in words), which are benevolent in nature, be devoted to his duties and be a good poet.

Jupiter in Cancer: at birth, the native will be a scholar, be beautiful, be highly learned, charitable, good-nature d, be very strong, be famous, will possess abundant grains and riches, be endowed with truth and penance, will have long-living sons, be honored by all, will be a king, will have a distinguished profession and will be attached to his friends.

Jupiter  in Leo: at the time of birth, the native will be lastingly inimical, be strong, courageous, will show abundant friendship, be learned, rich, will have eminent relatives, be a king, will have heroism akin to that of a king, will be recognizable in an assembly, will destroy the entire band of his enemies, will possess a strong physique and will live in hills, fortresses, forests and temples.

Jupiter in Virgo: at birth, one will be a scholar, be virtuous, be skillful in his work, be fond of scents, robes and flowers, will firmly gain in undertakings, will have rich experience in Śāstras and fine arts, be affluent, charitable, pure-hearted, skillful and wonderfully learned.

Jupiter in Libra: at birth, one will be a scholar, will have many sons, be endowed with foreign assignments, will be very affluent, interested in ornaments, modest, will earn money through dance and drama, be pleasing in appearance, be splendorous, learned in Śāstras, be superior among his colleague-businessmen, will honour Gods and guests and be very learned.

Jupiter in Scorpio: he will be expert in Śāstras, be a king, will be a commentator of many Bhāşyas (a commentary, which explains Sūtras word by word with comments of its own, for example, on Vedas), be skillful, will construct temples and towns, will have many wives, but few sons, be troubled by diseases, will undergo many difficulties, be very fierce, be ostentatious in his performance, be virtuous and will indulge in contemptuous acts.

Jupiter in Sagittarius: at birth, one will be a preceptor, will conduct religious vows, initiations, sacrifices etc., will have lasting wealth, be charitable, be friendly to his own men, be fond of helping others, interested in Shastras, be the head of a zone, or a minister, will live in many countries, will prefer loneliness and be interested in visiting shrines.

Jupiter in Capricorn: Jupiter in Capricorn denotes, that the native will be less virile, will experience much grief and difficulties, will be mean in conduct, be a dunce, will meet a bad end, will suffer from penury, will serve others, will be bereft of auspiciousness, mercy, purity, affection to his relatives and of religion, will have an emaciated body, be timid, interested in living in other countries and be depressed of spirits.

Jupiter in Aquarius: If Jupiter falls in Aquarius at the time of birth, one will be a tale-bearer, be ill disposed, interested in evil jobs, be chief among his race-men, be always attached to base men, be malicious, miserly, will suffer from diseases, will lose wealth on account his own utterances, be devoid of intelligence and virtues and will violate elder's beds.

Jupiter in Pisces: If Jupiter is in Pisces at birth, one will be expert in knowing the meanings of Vedas and other Shastras, will be honored by friends and virtuous people, will be a headsman in the king's employ, be praiseworthy, unconquerable, rich, devoid of fear, be proud, firm in undertakings, be a king, be skillful in policies, training, behavior and war tactics, be famous and will be calm in his doings. 

Mars(or)Kuja in different signs of zodaic

Mars(or)Kuja in different zodiac signs:

Mars in Aries: If Mars at birth occupies Aries, the native will be splendorous, truthful, valorous, be a king, be fond of war, interested in adventurous acts, be an Army chief, or head of a village, or a band; be delighted, charitable be endowed with a number of cows, goats etc. and grains, be fierce and will join many women.

Mars in Taurus: The person will break the vows of chaste women, will eat voraciously, will have little wealth and few sons, be jealous, will maintain many people, will not trust others, will play violently, will speak very harshly, be fond of music, be sinful, be inimical to relatives and will bring infamy to his family.

MARS in Gemini: Should Mars be in Gemini, the native will be splendorous, be capable of enduring miseries, be very learned, be well versed with poetical rules, skillful in various kinds of fine arts, fond of going to foreign countries, virtuously disposed, highly intelligent, favorably disposed to his sons and friends and will devote to various kinds of assignments.

MARS in Cancer: If Mars is in Cancer at birth, the subject will like living in others' houses, be deformed, sick, will attain riches through agriculture, will enjoy royal food and robes during childhood, will eat food in others' houses, will become wealthy through the source of water, be repeatedly anguished and be always distressed.

Mars in Leo: If Mars is in Leo in a nativity, the native will be impatient, be valorous, intent upon grabbing others' money and children, will like to live in forests, be fond of eating cow's flesh (or beef etc.), will lose his first wife, will kill snakes and animals, will be bereft of children, be devoid of charitable acts and be always active in his jobs.

Mars in Virgo: Should Mars occupy Virgo at birth, the subject will be worthy of honor, be never rich, be very fond of sexual union and music, be soft and sweet spoken, will have various kinds of expenses, be not much valorous, be learned, will have ribs in their advanced position, will fear enemies very much, be skillful in Shastras and fine arts, be fond of bathing, make-up etc. and be splendorous.

Mars in Libra: If Mars occupies Libra in a nativity, the person will be liable to wandering, will indulge in bad business, be an able speaker, be fortunate, deformed in respect of some limb, will have few relatives, be fond of wars, will lose his first wife, will deal in liquors and will earn through prostitutes to only lose.

MARS in Scorpio: If Mars occupies Scorpio at birth, the native will be attached to trade, will be interested in Vedic knowledge, be leader of thieves, skillful in his duties, be interested in wars, be highly sinful, will do big crimes, will be perfidious towards his enemies, will betray, be disposed towards killing, be unhelpful, be a talebearer, will be endowed with lands, sons and wife and be troubled by poison, fire, weapons and wounds.

 

MARS in Sagittarius: Should Mars be in Sagittarius, the native will have many wounds, be emaciated, be harsh in speech, crafty, alienated, be a warrior endowed with chariots, elephants and Army men, will pass arrows on other's Army from his chariot, be happy with hard work, will lose his happiness and money due to anger and will not honor elders.

Mars in Capricorn: If Mars is posited in Capricorn at birth, one will be wealthy (fortunate), be endowed with happiness and pleasures, be wealthy, will have an excellent disposition, be famous, be an Army chief, or a king, will possess a good wife, be successful in war, will live in his own country, be independent, be a protector, be virtuous and will be interested in various procedures.

Mars in Aquarius: If Mars is posited in Aquarius at the time of one's birth, he will be devoid of both affection and purity, will look like an old person, will die a bad death, will have spite, jealousy, untruthful disposition, afflicted speech and lost wealth, will be ugly, will have (abundant) hair on the body, will lose money in gambling, will be unsightly, will have miserable profession, be fond of liquor and be unfortunate.

Mars in Pisces: Should Mars be in Pisces at the time of one's birth, the person will be troubled by diseases, will have indifferent children, will live in foreign countries, be insulted by his own relatives, will lose all his wealth by his cunning and cheating disposition, will be depressed in spirits, be very miserable, will disrespect elders and Brahmins, be unkind, will conceive (other's) desires, be fond of praises and be famous. 

Venus(or)Shukra in different Zodiac signs

Venus(or)Shukra in different signs:

 Venus in Aries : one will be night-blind, will have many blemishes, be inimical, will join other housewives, will visit whores, will move in forests and hills, will be imprisoned on account of women, be base, hard in disposition, be an Army chief, or chief of men, be not reliable and be eminent.

Venus in Taurus: Should Venus at birth be in Taurus, one will be endowed with many wives and gems, be an agriculturist, will possess scents, garlands and robes, will live on account of cows, be charitable, will maintain his relatives, will have good appearance, will be learned in many branches, will give away many things, will help the living beings and be a principal person.

Venus in Gemini: one will be famous in sciences and Śāstras, be beautiful, libidinous, be skillful in writing and in poetry, be dear to good people, will derive wealth through music and dances, will have many friends, will honor Gods and Brahmins and be firm in friendship.

Venus in Cancer:  he will be wise, virtuous, learned, strong, soft, chief among men, will have desired happiness and wealth, be good-looking, just, very much troubled on account of women and wine and will be miserable with family troubles.

Venus in Leo: The native will respect women, will enjoy wealth and happiness, will have less virility, be dear to relatives, be miserable in spite of his happiness, will help others, will respect Brahmins, elders and preceptors and will be devoid of much discrimination.

    

Venus  in Virgo: The native will not be quite discriminating, be soft in disposition, be skillful, will be helpful to others, will speak sweetly, will earn money through several sources, will cohabit with bad women, be mean, be devoid of happiness and pleasures, will beget more daughters and less sons, will visit shrines and be a scholar in an assembly.

Venus in Libra: If Venus occupies Libra, the native will acquire hard-earned money, be valorous, endowed with superior robes etc., interested in living in foreign countries, will protect his own people, be skillful in his duties, rich, meritorious, famous by honoring Gods and Brahmins, be a scholar and be fortunate.

 Venus in Scorpio: The subject will be jealous, be very malicious, be not religious, be argumentative, be crafty, be not attached to brothers, be not fortunate, will be troubled by enemies, be distressed, will be inimical to unchaste women, be skillful in killing, will incur heavy debts, will suffer penury, be proud and will contract venereal diseases.

Venus in Sagittarius: will be endowed with good results accruing out of virtues, dutifulness and wealth, be dear to all people, be splendorous, be an excellent personage, will shine like the Sun before his family members, be a scholar, will be endowed with cows, be fond of decoration, will enjoy wealth, wife and fortunes, be a king's minister, be skillful, will have a stout and long physique and be respected by all.

Venus in Capricorn: If Venus occupies Capricorn at birth, one will be miserable due to heavy expenses, will have an emaciated body, will be fond of aged women, will suffer from heart diseases, be miserly in the matter of money, be a liar, be skillful in cheating, be a eunuch, be devoid of (good) acts, interested in others' work, very distressed, be a dunce and will, however, endure misery.

Venus in Aquarius: one will suffer from fear and excitement, be not successful in undertakings, will go to other women, be not virtuous, be inimical to elders and to his children, be bereft of ablutions, like bathing and will not be endowed with (good) robes, ornaments etc. and be dirty.

Venus in Pisces: If Venus is posited in Pisces at birth, one will be courteous, liberal, virtuous, very wealthy, will destroy enemies, be famous in the world, excellent, distinguished, dear to king, be endowed with good speech and wisdom, be liberal, will derive wealth and respect from the virtuous, will keep up his promise, will maintain his family members and be endowed with knowledge.